নাগরিক রিপোর্ট ॥ গাছ বেশি থাকলে ভালো? আজ আমরা গাছ উজাড় করে ফেলছি, আমাজন পুড়িয়ে ছাই করে দিচ্ছি। এখন গাছ বাঁচানোই হয়ে গেছে সবচেয়ে বড় সমস্যা। কিন্তু একটা সময় ছিল, যখন গাছ বেশি হয়ে যাওয়ায় পৃথিবী বিপদে পড়েছিল। আজ থেকে প্রায় ৩৫ কোটি বছর আগে বাতাসে অক্সিজেনের মাত্রা ছিল আজকের মাত্র ২০ শতাংশ। এর পরের পাঁচ কোটি বছরের মধ্যে পৃথিবীতে গাছের পরিমাণ এত বেড়ে যায় যে, বাতাসে অক্সিজেনের পরিমাণ হয়ে যায় ৩৫ শতাংশের মতো। এর ফল ভালো হয়নি। অক্সিজেন দাহ্য। ফলে পৃথিবীজুড়ে তখন দাবানল লেগেই থাকত। আর এত বেশি অক্সিজেন থাকলে আজকের মানুষের পক্ষে বাঁচা সম্ভব হতো না।
কিন্তু আজকের দুনিয়ার কী অবস্থা? পৃথিবীতে আজকে গাছের সংখ্যা কত? ২০১৫ সালে ইয়েল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে এক গবেষণা হয়েছে। জাতিসংঘের পরিবেশ কার্যক্রমের ‘বিলিয়ন ট্রি’ প্রচারের অনুরোধে করা সেই গবেষণায় পাওয়া গেছে যে, পৃথিবীতে মোট গাছের সংখ্যা তিন ট্রিলিয়ন, অর্থাৎ তিন লাখ কোটির বেশি। এই গাছের প্রায় অর্ধেক আছে গ্রীষ্মপ্রধান অঞ্চলে। প্রত্যেক মানুষপ্রতি প্রায় ৪২২টি গাছ আছে!
এই গবেষণা ছিল বেশ জটিল। অ্যান্টার্কটিকা বাদ দিয়ে পৃথিবীর সব মহাদেশের সব গাছ আছে—এমন এলাকাকে চার লাখ ভাগে ভাগ করে স্যাটেলাইট দিয়ে তার ছবি নেওয়া হয়। এরপর সেই জায়গাগুলোর আবহাওয়া, সেখানে মানুষের কর্মকাণ্ড, মাটির অবস্থা ইত্যাদি তথ্য কাজে লাগিয়ে পৃথিবীর মোট গাছের এই সংখ্যা বের করা হয়েছে। এ কাজে ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে সুপার কম্পিউটার।
আজ থেকে ১২ হাজার বছর আগে কৃষিকাজ শুরু হওয়ার আগে ছিল আজকের থেকে দ্বিগুণ গাছ। তার মানে আমরা এই সময়ের মধ্যে অর্ধেক গাছ শেষ করে ফেলেছি। আর এখন গাছ নিধন করছি প্রতিবছর ১৫ বিলিয়ন করে।
গবেষণায় আরও কিছু তথ্য পাওয়া গেছে, যা চমকে দেওয়ার মতো। গাছ বেশি গ্রীষ্মপ্রধান অঞ্চলে হলেও গাছের ঘনত্ব বেশি চরম ঠান্ডা অঞ্চলে। মেরু প্রান্তে গাছের ঘনত্ব প্রতি মিটারে একটি করে। উত্তর আমেরিকা, স্ক্যান্ডেনেভিয়া আর রাশিয়ার সরু লম্বা কোনিফার-জাতীয় গাছের বোরিয়াল অরণ্য পৃথিবীর সবচেয়ে গহিন বন। সেখানে আছে ৭৫০ বিলিয়ন গাছ। পৃথিবীর মোট গাছের ২৪ শতাংশ আছে এই অঞ্চলে।
২০১৯-১০-০২
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